Exercises

Exercise 1. How many pi bonds in NCl₃?

There are no pi bonds in this molecule. All of the bonds are sigma bonds

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Exercise 2. How many pi and sigma bonds in CO₂?

There are two sigma and two pi bonds.

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Exercise 3. How many pi and sigma bonds in ClCN?

There are 2 pi bonds, and 2 sigma bonds.

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Exercise 4. Indicate which orbitals overlap for each bond in the H₂C=CCl₂.

Both carbons have sp² hybridized orbitals. An sp² hybridized orbital on carbon overlaps with a 1s orbital on the hydrogens. An sp² hybridized orbital of carbon overlaps with an unhybridized 3p orbital of Cl.

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Exercise 5. What is the hybridization of the non-terminal bonds in CHOOH? Indicate which orbitals overlap to form the bonds.

The carbon has sp² hybridized orbitals. An sp² hybridized orbital on carbon overlaps with a 1s orbital on the hydrogen. Another sp² hybridized orbital of carbon overlaps with an unhybridized 2p orbital of oxygen. The C=O bond is due to the overlap of an sp² hybridized orbital of carbon with a 2p orbital of oxygen.

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